{"id":493,"date":"2024-05-03T14:35:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T14:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthyvibes.com.vn\/blog\/?p=493"},"modified":"2024-05-03T14:35:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T14:35:21","slug":"vi-umami-la-gi-nhung-hiem-hoa-tiem-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/healthyvibes.com.vn\/blog\/2024\/05\/03\/vi-umami-la-gi-nhung-hiem-hoa-tiem-an\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ecb Umami l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u1ecb Umami l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt, \u00fd ch\u1ec9 “v\u1ecb ngon”. Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Umami l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c protein, hay c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 axit amin. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn umami qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt, b\u1ed9t canh, h\u1ea1t n\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umami n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m sau chua, m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n protein. V\u00e0 khi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, umami k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngon mi\u1ec7ng. B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ecb ngon n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 axit amin Glutamate. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Glutamate t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong mu\u1ed1i Natri, Kali ho\u1eb7c Canxi Glutamate. Tan ch\u1ea3y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb ngon “b\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1ee1i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, umami c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby nguy hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb umami trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"C\u00e1ch<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh T\u1ea1o Ra V\u1ecb Umami v\u00e0 MSG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1908, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Kikunae Ikeda \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc dashi. Dashi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra “ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a” \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Glutamate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glutamate t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 ph\u00f4 mai, th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami khi c\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong chu\u1ed7i protein. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami, Glutamate c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i. G\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i Glutamate ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c natri. T\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t Mononatri Glutamate hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 MSG. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikeda \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1c Natri v\u1edbi Glutamate \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra MSG d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. MSG tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tinh luy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i tinh luy\u1ec7n. MSG tan nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb ngon ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a MSG \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MSG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong n\u1ea5u \u0103n, t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u MSG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb ngon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u MSG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. T\u1eeb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan v\u00e0 th\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xyanua cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt, g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MSG l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3n \u0103n umami m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"B\u00ed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb umami t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea5u \u0103n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngon l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u00f4ng b\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u01af\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u cho th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 rau c\u1ee7<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ea5u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u cho th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c rau c\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 5-30 ph\u00fat, qua \u0111\u00eam n\u1ebfu th\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap protein ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o ra glutamic v\u1ecb ngon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u1ea7u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f3n l\u00ean men ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i chua<\/strong>: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 nem chua, m\u1eafm c\u00e1, ho\u1eb7c kim chi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00e0u glutamate v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho m\u00f3n \u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p protein t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u1edbi rau c\u1ee7 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami t\u1ed5ng h\u00f2a cho m\u00f3n \u0103n. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 om d\u01b0a, th\u1ecbt kho d\u01b0a, hay canh t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"S\u1eed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ecb ngon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt, h\u1ea1t n\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t canh. Nh\u1eefng gia v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a MSG, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"K\u1ebft<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gia v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb umami m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t n\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n